For the safe handling of radioactive substances and operation of ionising radiation generating devices, corresponding protection measures are needed. It is necessary • to assess the radiological situation • adequately • to identify technical, organisational and • individual radiation protection measures • to have a radioactive waste management in • place which is in accordance with legislation • including radwaste collection, treatment, • storage, conditioning, transport and disposal • to have a dosimetry system for the • occupationally exposed personnel available.   With few exceptions, the handling of radio- active substances and the operation of ionis- ing radiation generating devices require a corresponding license from the responsible authority according to the Radiation Protection Regulations and the X-Ray Regulations.